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As the saying goes: It's hard to buy a car and it's hard to keep a car. It also says: The car is divided into three separate and seven points. It can be seen that regular maintenance of the car is very important. Among them, oil replacement is the most common and important. The correct choice of oil can ensure the normal operation of the engine and prolong the life of the vehicle. However, most car users do not know is that there are more than 2,000 types of engine oil in the Chinese market, so many brands And all kinds, what should we choose?
In order to clarify this issue, we may wish to understand the cattle and start with the classification and role of oil.
Oil, also known as lubricating oil. With the continuous development of industry, the types of oil are also continuously subdivided. There are two main types of motor oil used in automobiles. One is mineral oil and the other is synthetic motor oil. Synthetic motor oil can be divided into fully synthetic engine oil and semi-synthetic engine oil.
In terms of composition, mineral oil is extracted based on petroleum and added with additives, and the relative cost is relatively low. Synthetic engine oil is synthesized by chemical methods. Semi-synthetic motor oil contains a small amount of mineral oil. Totally synthetic motor oil does not contain mineral oil. The relative cost is high, but it has better high and low temperature performance, and its service life is also Longer.
For the role of oil, in addition to play a role in lubrication, there are many functions, including cleaning and cleaning, sealing leakage, rust and corrosion protection, cooling and cooling, shock absorption and buffering.
So, how should different engine oils of different brands and different models be selected?
First of all, no matter what brand or model, priority is to choose first-time oil. The so-called initial loading of oil is the addition of engine oil to the engine before the new car goes offline. This is the engine's first barrel of oil. It is similar to the baby's first milk powder. Why is the first time the oil is the best? That's because manufacturers are very strict when choosing oils for initial installation. This oil has passed the most rigorous engine bench tests and driving tests in the vehicle R&D process. Therefore, it can provide the most protection and service life for the engine. Excellent performance, therefore, the first oil is the most suitable for the car's oil.
At present, the general Japanese models (with a car price of 300,000 or less) generally use mineral oil as the original engine oil, while semi-synthetic motor oil is used for mid- to high-end Japanese cars (with a car price of 300,000 or more). The German car is different, generally about 150,000 cars are basically used semi-synthetic engine oil, and more than 200,000 German cars are basically using a synthetic motor oil. Therefore, in general, the maintenance cost of German cars is generally higher than that of Japanese cars.
These initial loading oils are also the original parts of the car. Their quality levels, viscosity grades, and oil properties are all different. Therefore, when changing the oil, users must remember that the core indicators of the oil cannot be arbitrarily changed.
Why is there a difference between summer and winter?
On this issue, we must start with a characteristic of engine oil. This characteristic is “viscosityâ€. The viscosity of engine oil changes with temperature.
In general, when the temperature is low, the viscosity of the oil becomes large, which causes the car to be cold-started. At this time, the wear of the engine will be more than double that of usual. In order to protect the engine, the engine oil with lower viscosity is used at this time. The winter motor oil; while the high temperature, the viscosity of the engine oil will decline, but at the same time the deterioration of the oxidation resistance, prone to deterioration, and in severe cases will cause the failure of the burning tile shaft, etc., Therefore, in the summer you need to use more viscosity of the engine oil.
Viscosity of oils is currently marked by SAE grades. SAE is the "American Society of Automotive Engineers." Common labels, such as SAE20, SAE40, SAE50, etc., are summer oil grades, while SAE15W-40, SAE5W-40, etc. are Winter show oil grade. Among them, "W" stands for winter, and the smaller the number in front of it, the better the low temperature fluidity of engine oil; and the number behind W means the kinematic viscosity of engine oil at 100 °C.
Their relationship can be expressed in the following table:
It should be noted that -35 °C, -30 °C, -25 °C, -20 °C, -15 °C, -10 °C does not mean 0W, 5W, 10W, 15W, 20W, 25W limit the applicable temperature, but just indicate These oils are used at these corresponding ambient temperatures. Simply put, it is not necessary to use 10W at -25°C and 5W cannot be used. For example, in some areas it is usually -25°C but occasionally -30°C may occur. However, it is also possible to use 10W engine oil.
Therefore, the choice of engine oil depends on the ambient temperature range. For example, SAE5W-40 can generally be understood as the lowest temperature that can be tolerated in winter -30°C. When the engine reaches 100°C, the kinematic viscosity of the oil is 14.5Cst. It is very important to choose the oil with the right viscosity, but this is not to say that the greater the scope of application of the oil, the better. It is best to determine according to the local environmental temperature and the level of the car, for example, in the southern region, the temperature can not be reached all the year round. Below zero, therefore, ordinary cars can use SAE30 or SAE40. In northern regions, different types of engine oil can be used depending on the season due to the increased temperature.
However, it should be reminded that the same type of motor oil of the same brand, the wider the range of viscosity, the more expensive the general price, the owner of the car can refer to the purchase according to their own model level.