Resource classification of the world platinum platinum mines and mineral resources in the world can be divided into three categories: the native platinum ore associated copper-nickel sulfide platinum group metals Ore Not all nickel sulfide, copper and platinum group metals are associated sand platinum mines. Their mineralization is related to ultrabasic and basic magmatic activities. Platinum ore is a platinum-containing or platinum-containing, chromium -based ultra-basic rock mass that has been widely distributed in the world after long-term natural weathering, ablation and dissociation, water flow erosion elimination, and migration and enrichment. It was discovered in 1778 by humans and named after platinum. The platinum ore resources first exploited and continued for nearly 150 years. It is now exhausted. In the 1920s, the discovery and exploitation of primary platinum ore and symbiotic minerals accounted for about half of the platinum group metals produced from two sources. It is estimated that the first half of the next century will remain the main source of human access to platinum group metals. Both types of resources contain platinum, palladium , rhodium , ruthenium , osmium , iridium , gold, silver and other precious metals and non-ferrous metals such as nickel, copper and cobalt . The comprehensive utilization value is large and is the only source of rare platinum group metals such as bismuth and antimony. The important difference between the two types of resources is that the platinum group metal grade of the original platinum ore is as high as 6g/t and the nickel-copper grade 98 is stable and reliable. Melinsky Platinum Mine in South Africa: The earliest heavy-floating process was used to treat mixed ore containing 715g/t of platinum palladium. Re-election of coarse-grain platinum group minerals to produce a platinum-based concentrate flotation to obtain a polymetallic mixed concentrate. A single flotation process is now used to treat a deep platinum sulfide ore with a platinum-palladium grade of 56 g/t containing Cu0114 and Ni012. Lv Gutenberg's flotation process: grinding 60 to about -74μm selected as the activator xanthate sulfate or phosphate xanthate disulfide collector cresol mixture as a blowing agent, an acid or dextrin Gul Glue or starch is used as an inhibitor of talc . The yield of flotation concentrate is about 315. The precious metal contains about 150g/t. The recovery rate is 8285. The flotation concentrate contains other components: Ni4, Cu213, Fe15, S10, CaO3, MgO15 and SiO239. Inpala and West Platinum deal with concentrates containing platinum and palladium of about 5g/t ore. The concentrate contains Pt and Pd with a yield of about 66g/t. The yield of 8285 contains Ni217 and Cu116. The yield is also 85, including Fe17S7. . The flotation concentrate of the Melensky Platinum ore has been smelted and enriched by fire for decades. For example, the flotation mixed concentrate with a smelting precious metal grade of 100150g/t can control the yield of bismuth within 15%, and the grades of precious metals can be ≈2600 and ≈5000g/t, respectively. The grade of precious metal in sorghum after blowing and removing iron can reach more than 0151. Effective enrichment 50100 times. 312 South Africa UG-2 ore smelting: the ore in the platinum group grade 6g / t minerals such as sulphur platinum ore, sulphide ore, sulphur nickel palladium platinum ore, arsenic platinum ore, sulphur palladium ore, etc., the fine particle size is generally only 13μm. Although the copper-nickel content is very low at 0104, it is still mainly found in common sulfide minerals such as pentlandite, pyrrhotite and chalcopyrite. The particle size is mostly at 130 μm. Platinum group minerals are closely associated with trace amounts of base metal minerals and are encapsulated by or adhered to the latter. A small amount of platinum group minerals and continuum are distributed along the edge of the chromite or are covered by chromite and gangue. Using float-heavy process: ore grinding to -74μm accounted for 8085 copper sulphate as activator added to ball mill . 70g/t isobutyl sodium xanthate SIBX as collector. 200g/tSefroth5004 for fragile foam. /35 precious metal t and a compressed air flotation machine to reduce the mechanical entrainment of chromite in the flotation concentrate. A section of rough selection 35min three paragraphs each 8min. Flotation index: the original ore platinum group grade 5123g / t platinum group concentrate yield 1121 ∑ PtAu grade 362g / t recovery rate 8817 enrichment about 70 times. The concentrate contains Ni2143, Cu1124 and Cr2O33121. The flotation tailings contain platinum groups down to 0186g/t. A selected medium-mineral cyclone separation grit is a spiral re-election to produce a chromite concentrate containing Cr2O342 and a recovery of 42. The conditions for smelting and enriching the flotation concentrate are: concentrate plus 3 bentonite granulation and limestone flux of concentrate 14 are smelted in an electric furnace to make Cr2O3 slag. The lanthanum released at 1300 ° C: ∑PtAu 2770g/tNi1719, Cu1015, Fe4218, S2912. Smelting enrichment 615 times. The strontium PtAu grade containing Ni48NiCu of about 75 is increased to 7000g/t017 by oxidizing and blowing iron. 313 US Stewart ore smelting: The Stewart ore is very special among all platinum group resources. The mineral type and composition are similar to the world's largest South African Melensky platinum deposit, but with lower copper and nickel content and less palladium and platinum. Calcareous gangue minerals mainly plagioclase, clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene, olivine and a small amount of serpentine. Base metal minerals are pyrrhotite, pentlandite, pyrite, chalcopyrite and magnetite, but the total amount only accounts for 1 of the ore. Platinum group minerals include sulfur-nickel-palladium-platinum ore, yttrium- palladium ore, yttrium-palladium ore and iridium-platinum ore and are mostly associated with ferronickel. A good index can be achieved by flotation with an acidic medium or a natural pH medium. 1 Acid medium flotation: Platinum ore dominated by plagioclase has a density of 217g/cm3 including Pt311g/t, Pd1015g/t, Au0122g/t, Cu0103 and Ni0106. Grinding stone-74μm accounted for 78-40μm accounted for 55 added sulfuric acid 14kg/t to make slurry pH≈4 slurry concentration 36 into the choice of mercaptobenzothiazole-AERO404 as collector 182g/t polypropylene diethanol methyl hexyl ether-Dowfroth-250 As a foaming agent 415g / t flotation 8min crude concentrate yield 815 coarse concentrate composition is as follows: PtPdAug / tCuNiFeSSiO2MgOAl2O3CaO34121081911901240135517217441615111518814 crude concentrate in the total precious metal grade 146g / t recovery of 88. The total yield of copper and nickel grades was 017 and the yields were 69 and 52, respectively. 2 Natural pH medium flotation: Serpentite-based ore density 218g/cm3 contains Pt311g/t, Pd9195g/t, Au0119g/t, Cu0103, Ni0106. Grinding concentration 58 grinding to -74 μm accounting for 90 pulp concentration 36 was selected for natural pH ≈ Δ collector with AERO 317 136 g / t foaming agent Dowfroth - 250 618 g / t inhibitor Pennfloat 391 g / t flotation 8 min crude concentrate yield 611. The coarse ore precious metal grade g/t: Pt5219, Pd14612, Au311 contains Cu0131, Ni0145. Recovery rates: Pt96, Pd86, Au95, Cu69, Ni49. The crude concentrate is selected from water-soluble polymer TD and MinfloI as gangue mineral inhibitor 136g/t. In the slurry tank, 10 minutes of foaming agent and collector are added together with coarse selection of concentrate yield 44 concentrate. As follows: PtPdRhIrAug / tCuNiFeSSiO2MgOAl2O3CaO11530510131196180166018671321446182019616519 precious metal grade total 440g / t. The recovery rates of platinum and palladium in the selection process were 96 and 92, respectively. The closed mine in the mine returned to the rough selection. It also reduces the selective recovery rate and reduces the concentrate yield to improve the concentrate grade. For example, if the platinum and palladium selective recovery rates are reduced to 85 and 82, the grade of precious metals in the concentrate can be increased to g/t: Pt192, Pd656, and Au16 also contain 12 g/t of 7 noble metals of 876 g/t. Base metal grade: Cu314, Ni612, Fe18, S16. The process minerals of selected concentrates are determined: sulfide minerals are whey minerals such as pentlandite, chalcopyrite, pyrite, and porphyrite. There are pyroxene, plagioclase, epidote, chlorite platinum group. The minerals are sulfur-nickel-palladium-platinum ore, yttrium-palladium ore, sulphide ore and sulphur-palladium ore. Black Resistant Mat,Stairs Anti Slip Mats,Car Anti Slip Mat,Anti Slip Shower Mat Anyang Qunxiu Plastics co.,ltd , https://www.qunxu.com