Polyacrylamide (PAM) is a water-soluble polymer, which is insoluble in most organic solvents, has good flocculating properties, can reduce frictional resistance between liquids, Can be divided into non-ionic, anionic, cationic and amphoteric four types.
When PAM is used for flocculation, it is related to the surface properties of the species being flocculated, especially the potential, viscosity, turbidity, and pH of the suspension. The kinetic potential of the particle surface is the reason for particle inhibition. Can reduce the potential and condense.
Granular polyacrylamide flocculant cannot be directly added to sewage. It must be dissolved in water before use, and its aqueous solution are used to treat sewage.The water in which the particulate polymer is dissolved should be clean. Generally tap water is suitable for formulating polymer solutions. Strong ACID, strong alkali, high salt water is not suitable for preparation. Water at room temperature is ok, no necessary to heat. Dissolution is slow when the water temperature is below 5 ° C. Increasing the water temperature will accelerate the dissolution rate, but above 40 ° C will accelerate the degradation of the polymer and affect the use effect. The solution concentration is recommended to be 0.1% -0.3%.
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In the detailed draft of the “12th Five-Year Plan for Energy Saving and Emission Reduction†in China, it is required to reduce the power transformer losses during the “12th Five-Year Plan†period, in which the no-load loss is reduced by 10%~13% and the load loss is reduced by 17%~19%. Some of the high-energy-dissipation distribution transformers in operation on the Internet do not meet industry development trends, and are faced with the need for technological upgrades and replacements. In the future, they will gradually be replaced by energy-saving, material-saving, environmental protection, and low-noise transformers.
From the perspective of the development of transformer energy-saving technologies, China’s transformers have undergone several series of substitution processes such as S7, S8, S9, S10, and S11. At present, it appears that large quantities of S13s have been used in the transformation of national urban networks and rural power grids. In the SH15 model, the no-load loss is reduced by 50%~80% compared with the S9 type transformer. However, in many areas, the S9 type product is still being used in large quantities, and some S7 type products are still being used far away from urban areas.
On the one hand, in the process of promoting energy-saving transformer products, since the sales price of the product is higher than the price of traditional transformers, the price is still the main factor affecting the popularization and promotion of energy-saving transformers. The cause of high prices is the high price of new materials. On the other hand, the current situation of the scattered distribution of energy-saving distribution transformers, together with the low barriers to entry, unsatisfactory enterprises, lack of definition and standards, technical bottlenecks, high prices, inadequate subsidies, and other factors, led to the slow promotion of energy-saving transformers in China.
The biggest problem that plagues transformer manufacturers is that energy-conserving transformers lack definition and standards, coupled with short runtimes, some controversy and users can not fully bear the doubt, such as the function of amorphous alloy distribution transformers after the operation is stable Poor performance, poor resistance to short circuits, increased noise and loss, etc. In addition to the most critical technical issues, testing standards and inspection technologies lag behind product development, and lack product performance evaluation, rating systems, and methods that reflect different levels of design and manufacturing processes.
It should be said that energy-saving transformers are the trend of the times. China is also improving relevant standards for energy-saving transformers and further regulating the industry market. In addition to energy efficiency standards and subsidy mechanisms, it is necessary to increase policies in terms of business models, technological breakthroughs, and the use of new materials. Promote the application of energy-saving transformers on a large scale.
“Overcapacity, quality risks, and industry dispersion†have become the industry's predicament that the entire transformer industry can't ignore. How to break the predicament has always been the subject of common thought among the industry, and the national energy-saving emission reduction policy may be difficult. The transformer industry in the period provided an export.