The electricity-centric and globally-deployed energy development pattern determines the key role of grid technology in future energy development. It is necessary to continuously improve the transmission capacity, allocation capacity and economy of the grid, and focus on various aspects of the power system to speed up the development of a strong smart grid Technology innovation, the main areas include UHV transmission technology and equipment, submarine cable technology, superconducting transmission technology, DC power grid technology, micro-grid technology and large power grid operation control technology. These technological breakthroughs are an important foundation for building a global energy Internet. UHV transmission technology and equipment In recent years, the development of UHV transmission technology in China has been developing rapidly, the transmission distance has been raised from several hundred kilometers to several thousand kilometers, and the transmission capacity of single circuit has been increased to 8 million kilowatts. In the future, the global energy Internet will use the UHV power grid as its backbone to realize the large-scale and large-scale deployment of clean energy in the world. UHV has three trends: to further enhance the UHV transmission capacity and distance, the development of high reliability converter transformer, converter valve, casing, DC filter and other key equipment, developed to adapt to extremely hot and cold regions of the UHV transmission equipment. At present, the transmission cost of 1000 kV UHV is only about 72% of the cost of 500 kV UHV transmission. With the construction of the global energy internet, the transmission cost will be further reduced after the UHV equipment is put into mass production. Submarine cable technology Submarine cable technology is the key technology necessary to achieve intercontinental networking and build a global energy Internet. Insulation technology is the focus of submarine cable technology breakthrough. Currently submarine cable insulation impregnated paper bag cable, self-contained oil-filled cables, extruded insulated cables, inflatable insulated cables. High-voltage, long-distance, high-capacity submarine cable is the future development of the main technical direction. At present, the more common is the XLPE insulated power cable, the highest voltage level of 500 kV AC, DC ± 320 kV. The future exchange of 1000 kV, DC ± 800 kV, a distance of more than 100 km of UHV power cable developed, it can be used for cross-Strait power grid interconnection, as well as deep-sea offshore wind power generation base and power out. Superconducting transmission technology Superconducting transmission technology is the use of superconducting materials with high current density as the conductor transmission technology, when in the superconducting state, the DC resistance of the conductor is essentially zero, with almost no heat loss. The transmission capacity of superconducting transmission line can reach 3 ~ 5 times of the transmission capacity of AC line with voltage level and 10 times of DC transmission capacity. The longest superconducting transmission line currently under study is in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, with a total cable length of 6,000 meters. China has made significant breakthroughs in superconducting technology, the superconducting critical temperature has risen to -120 ℃ (ie, 153 open) or so. High-temperature superconductors are generally ceramic materials, poor ductility, can not be made of long-distance power lines. To achieve long-distance, high-capacity power transmission, a major breakthrough must be made in high-temperature superconducting materials. DC grid technology Compared to conventional DC transmission systems, the DC grid can provide higher reliability of power supply and equipment redundancy, more adaptable power supply modes, flexible and safe power flow control. The DC grid is more economical and safe in terms of large-scale clean energy generation and distributed power access, marine islands power supply, offshore wind farms cluster delivery, and new urban power grid construction. In the future, it is necessary to construct the basic theory of DC grid topology and grid construction, the steady-state characteristics of DC grid and its interaction with AC grid, the basic theory of DC grid dynamic characteristics and safety evaluation, DC grid fault protection and network reconfiguration , The basic theory of DC grid reliability and evaluation methods and other aspects of basic research. Micro-grid technology Microgrid technology is a local management technology for distributed energy supply systems and electricity loads. At present, micro-grid at home and abroad is still in the experimental demonstration stage, has not yet achieved commercial operation. China has built and under construction microgrid pilot projects have 14. At present, the control of microgrid operation mainly focuses on the study of simple forms of AC microgrids. In the future, it will be necessary to conduct research and development in complex forms of AC / DC hybrid microgrids, cogeneration networks for microgrids, parallel operation control of microgrids, And coordinated operation of large power grids and other fields in-depth study to promote micro-grid technology innovation, better integration into the national ubiquitous smart grid. Large power grid operation control technology The large AC / DC hybrid power grid (referred to as the large power grid) is an important basic platform for large-scale integration of power scale, transcontinental transmission over long distances and flexible deployment in a wide range. It has such structural features as diversified power supply types, diverse equipment types and wide geographical coverage , As well as transportation capacity, frequent tidal fluctuations, disturbed behavior complex operation characteristics. Large grid operation control technology is to build the global energy Internet, to ensure the safe and stable operation of the key. In the future, there are three directions for development: safety and stability mechanisms, characteristics and analytical techniques for large power grids; real-time / ultra-real-time simulation and decision-making techniques to assess the current system safety level, give prevention and control strategies, assist dispatchers to adjust their operation modes and improve their safe operation Level; grid fault diagnosis, recovery and automatic reconstruction techniques. (State Grid)
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