Just after the New Year, the loud explosion of tanks in Lanzhou Petrochemical Company broke the joy of celebrating the New Year. Similar incidents and accidents caused Inner Mongolia Yitai Coal-to-oil Company to recall the accident of oil tank leakage and explosion that occurred on April 8, 2009 in the company’s first indirect liquefaction plant with independent technology coal. When interviewing security experts and industry insiders on these two accidents, they all agreed that under the new circumstances, the safety management of China's oil and chemical industry needs to be re-examined, and the upgrading of the major chemical emergency safety management system is urgently needed.
It is understood that Lanzhou Petrochemical Company has a history of more than half a century. It was once hailed as a large-scale excellent enterprise that "produces products, produces technology, produces talents, produces experience, and produces benefits." Over the years, it has established a nearly complete safety management system. A number of related systems and supporting implementation measures have been formulated. In contrast, Yitai Company is a young enterprise, but at the time of construction, the safety production requirement is relatively high, safety management is also always unremitting, and the talents within the company are well-balanced, but it also does not avoid accidents.
"It does not seem to be a problem of 'leakage'," said Li Ji, a senior professor at the Institute of Resources and Security at Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology. "For chemical spills, companies have leak-prevention devices and management, leakage disposal preparation, and leakage accident prevention. Measures such as emergency measures and measures that are handled in a timely manner in the event of a leak are completely controllable to further expand the situation."
Li Ji pointed out that the accident exposed many weaknesses in the current petrochemical enterprises' prevention and emergency handling of leakage accidents. If the responsibilities of the accident handlers are not clear, there are no uniform standards for the procedures for handling accidents, and the various functions of the emergency plan cannot be effectively played during the accident disposal. He suggested that in the training of enterprise emergency personnel, they should focus on consideration from the perspective of integrity, and should be connected with each other in the aspects of leakage potential assessment, leakage prevention devices and management, leakage accident status assessment, and leakage disposal preparation. The emergency disposal personnel should be equipped with basic hazardous chemical leakage accident disposal capabilities, clarify the responsibilities of personnel at all levels and in all departments, and avoid the disconnection of various links.
This has also led to deeper thinking. At present, under the background of the country’s increasing emphasis on safety work, safety emergency plans have almost become necessary safety amulets for large and small units. However, are these emergency plans really “emergency”?
According to Hu Yaobing, deputy general manager and chemical expert of Inner Mongolia Tianlong Chemical Co., Ltd., from the current situation, the company's emergency plan must be advancing with the times and constantly upgrade.
Hu Yaobing pointed out that with the implementation of the national energy conversion strategy, coal chemical projects will be built and put into production in large quantities, and the safety production of coal chemical companies will become the main subject of the company in the coming period. At present, from the point of view of emergency plans for domestic chemical companies, there are generally serious accident rescues and light pre-control problems. The identification of accident symptoms and the analysis of the emergency response measures to be taken are not sufficient. Countermeasures are not detailed and measures are not specific. These problems directly lead to employees' poor ability to respond to accidents and affect the effectiveness of accident rescue operations.
In addition, the emergency plans of some chemical companies are often compiled by personnel responsible for production and safety. The leaders of enterprises and grass-roots employees do not know enough about the emergency plan, which results in less command system drills and poorly targeted drills. In addition, the review of emergency plans needs to be strengthened. Emphasis should be placed on the evaluation of implementation effects. Assessments must be conducted in conjunction with on-site drills and accident rescues, and problems existing in emergency plans must be revised and improved in a timely manner.
Under the new situation of chemical safety management, Hu Yaobing said that over the years, China’s petrochemical industry has accumulated rich experience in safety management in its production practices. However, with the rapid development of science and technology, most of the old production equipment has been in process technology and equipment. With the upgrading, the scale of the equipment is also expanding day by day, and the safety management concepts, regulations and measures need to be refreshed. In particular, new things such as coal-to-oil plant systems involve a greater number of chemicals handled and stored, and the applied process technology is more complex and the operating conditions are more demanding. The era of big chemical industry has arrived and the upgrading of China's chemical emergency safety management system is imminent.
Prof. Li Ji told reporters that at present, China has not yet adapted to the laws, regulations and standards of large-scale chemical safety management that are rapidly developing in the new situation. Although many domestic companies have implemented the HSE management system and the ISO system, these systems do not have mandatory regulations, and some of them still have "two skins." In particular, the current domestic petrochemical industry has gradually shifted from the introduction of complete sets of technologies to independent design and research and development. In the past few years, major accidents in the domestic petrochemical industry can be attributed to lagging safety management systems. At the same time, the process safety management among enterprises is quite different, which is not conducive to government supervision, and it is also not conducive to the exchange of safety information in the chemical and petrochemical industries and the improvement of the safety level. Therefore, it is necessary to explore and establish an effective safety management model in the domestic petrochemical industry that is both in line with international standards and in line with China's national conditions.

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