In the past period of time, the word “new energy vehicle” has been frequently exposed, which means that the internal combustion engine field, which is the main driving force of the automobile, has begun brewing a major change.

This wave of new energy enthusiasm from the government, scientific research institutions and auto companies is a green revolution filled with an ideal bubble or a real down-to-earth revolution. It is too early to give an answer, however, If it is considered that the traditional internal combustion engine has become a sunset industry, it is obviously unrealistic.

Cost and safety restrictions on fuel cells

A view that is basically accepted by the academic community is that the hydrogen engine is the ideal target. Because hydrogen mainly comes from electrolyzed water, and the energy of the latter comes mainly from solar energy, neither hybrid nor pure electric seems to be more ideal than it. The way to clean energy recycling.

However, due to the current high cost of hydrogen production technology, the price of vehicles equipped with fuel cells is a bit embarrassing. A small car is about US$1 million per vehicle, and buses are much more expensive and there are still With less good alternative solutions, who would be willing to spend two or three million dollars to buy a big bus?

Of course, the most important issue for fuel cells is safety. In July 2003, Toyota recalled six of its rental fuel cell vehicles and announced the delay in the lease of another six fuel cell vehicles due to the leakage of high-pressure hydrogen tanks that store hydrogen fuel when filling with hydrogen. Almost at the same time, various countries have discovered a series of safety-related issues during the trial operation of fuel cell vehicles, which have made the commercialization of fuel cell vehicles somewhat uncertain.

On March 25, 2009, at the press conference of the 25th World Electric Vehicle Conference, Ouyang Minggao, head of the Expert Team of the National 863 Energy Conservation and New Energy Vehicle Major Project and Director of the Department of Automotive Engineering at Tsinghua University, confirmed this view. In his view, the next step in the fuel cell is still being explored, while the pure electric car brings a more realistic future.

Pure electric hidden pollution

According to Ouyang Minggao, China has certain advantages in pure electric vehicles, and electricity is also the best form of alternative energy. Its sources can be varied. If there is a breakthrough in the business model of batteries, it is entirely feasible. . The fans of this view clearly included many heavyweight figures. Chen Qingquan, academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, chairman of the Asia-Pacific Electric Vehicle Association, and He Shu, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, believe that electric vehicles will become the dominant direction in the foreseeable future.

Prof. Lin Cheng, a professor at the Beijing Institute of Technology and the director of the National 863 Electric Vehicle Major Project, also endorsed the driving mode of pure electric vehicles. He believes that in the long run, if there are enough infrastructure, pure electric vehicles will be popular.

"With the development of green power generation such as China's hydropower, wind power, and solar power generation, pure electric vehicles will become important step-by-step energy storage devices. In the future, society must be coordinated and unified with transportation and fixed energy systems. This is a human dream." Ouyang Minggao paints a future society that is efficient, clean, and orderly, and the other controversial issue that it has brought out is that if pure electric cars are used from the point of use, they can indeed reach zero. Emissions, but in China, which is dominated by thermal power generation, will it cause more pollution at the source?

“From an energy efficiency perspective, traditional gasoline and diesel engines have an efficiency of 15% from wells to fuel tanks, while the efficiency of electric vehicles from coal to electricity is roughly doubled. From an emission perspective, traditional fuel vehicles are in cities. The central area emits electricity, and the source of the electric drive car is the emission from the power plant. Generally speaking, the power plant is far from the urban area, and the direct health threat to people is basically negligible.” Ouyang Minggao said, “Of course, we can use fixed concentration. The way to deal with pollution, but using coal to generate electricity is obviously still a problem."

Another issue is how to deal with the pollution caused by used batteries. Even if the problem of pollution is abandoned, from the perspective of finding alternative energy sources, battery technology is still a bottleneck restricting its industrialization. Whether it is the specific index of the vehicle's specific power, specific energy, cycle times, or time spent on charging, there are Problem. In addition, electric vehicles are also faced with the problem of the construction of charging facilities. This requires the government to plan. Because most of the buildings in China are apartment buildings, charging is a problem. Therefore, the government needs support for infrastructure.

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This makes the mixture of futurism and eclecticism—a hybrid vehicle that also has electric systems and engines at the same time—became a pedestal between an electric car and a traditional fuel car. It has been taken as a trend by more people. Future transitional products, but because they meet short-term emissions needs and fewer changes to the infrastructure, automakers keen to promote the trend still do not give up their throwing bets.

Plug-in hybrid technology provides hybrid vehicles with better performance and ease of use than existing hybrid technologies.

Another trend has begun to show up - the development and application of lithium batteries. Since the same battery is used, the nickel-metal hydride battery technology commonly used in hybrid vehicles has approached theoretical limit values ​​in terms of energy density, charge and discharge speed, and so on. Lithium batteries with high energy density and large capacity have begun to receive unanimous approval from various automotive manufacturers and battery manufacturers.

Because it is a transitional product, many people think that hybrid vehicles can be mixed as long as they can, Ouyang Minggao believes that light mixing and plug-in hybrid power will become the main model of new energy vehicles in the next phase, In spite of this, hybrid cars have to face another one - after the breakthrough in battery technology, with the development of pure electric vehicles, whether the investment in hybrid cars can still have their own space?

If you look at business logic, there are obviously many bottlenecks in either hybrid, pure electric or fuel cells. In the future market, there is no answer as to who can launch a leading product and announce the real advent of an era.

The internal combustion engine still has great potential

The “Auto Industry Adjustment and Revitalization Plan” promulgated by the General Office of the State Council at the beginning of the year puts forward that in the next three years “the production capacity of new energy vehicles of 500,000 pure electric vehicles, rechargeable hybrid vehicles, and ordinary hybrid vehicles will be produced. New energy vehicle sales will account for passenger cars. About 5% of the total sales, the major passenger car manufacturers should have certified new energy automotive products."

As for the traditional vehicle power----combustion engine, Fu Youwu, executive vice president and secretary-general of the China Automotive Engineering Society, reads: “In the next 20-30 years, internal combustion engine cars will dominate more than 80% of the market share. Still, research and development should focus on the internal combustion engine vehicle technology. We hope everyone will pay more attention to the upgrading of traditional automotive technology."

Fu Yuwu said that the advancement of internal combustion engine technology is very fast. Current regulations and technical standards continue to push the industry to upgrade technology one after another. For example, gasoline engine direct injection and turbocharger can double the power. This was previously unimaginable.

"The new internal combustion engine technology is turbocharged to increase its power density, but it is an accessory for the engine, not the main engine. For example, the diesel engine is a direct injection in a cylinder, and the gasoline engine does not have a direct injection in the cylinder. Direct injection to the gasoline engine, direct injection, better combustion, after the intake air exhaust, after the exhaust out of pressurization, and then increase the power density, combustion is better, this is a new internal combustion engine. One liter.” Fu Yuwu said that he also gave an example: “Now, three hundred liters of fuel-efficient products are already industrialized. The key is how to look at this new technology route. To save energy, cars become diesel, and combustion efficiency With an increase of 30% all at once and a new 20% increase in technology, this space is much more."

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