An example of ore processing technology for magmatic rock type apatite ore

1. Maying Phosphorus Ore Dressing Plant

Ma camp phosphorus ore processing plant, located in Chengde City, Hebei Province, Ma Yingcun. Started production in 1976. The scale is to process 300,000 tons of raw ore annually, with an annual output of 51,800 tons of phosphorus concentrate and 56,200 tons of ferro- vanadium concentrate. It is a medium-sized mining and selection joint enterprise in northern China.

The ore is a basic rock type apatite deposit. The main rock series are basic heterogeneous rocks composed of plagioclase, Suchangyan and gabbro, which are mineralized by apatite and vanadium- titanium magnets. The shape of the ore body is more complicated.

The mine is divided into two belts, the south and the north. The north ore belt is 1100m long and 2500m wide. The south ore belt is 8000m long and 150m wide. The entire mining area contains an average of 7.5% P ₂ O ₅ .

The ore type is mainly bulk and disseminated vanadium-titanium magnetite-apatite ore, followed by phosphorus-depleted vanadium ilmenite. Apatite minerals are mainly composed of vanadium-containing magnetite, ilmenite and plagioclase feldspar, amphibole fiber, chlorite, pyrite, pyroxene.

Apatite is fluoroapatite. The particle size is coarser, and more than 90% is more than 0.2%. evenly distributed. Most of them are embedded in minerals such as vanadium iron magnetite, ilmenite, fibrinite and chlorite in the form of individuals or collections.

Vanadium-bearing magnetite This is the main iron mineral and the most vanadium-bearing mineral in the deposit. Single mineral analysis, containing V ₂ O ₅ 0.75%, Co 0.0032%, TFe 66.95%, TiO ₂ 5.42%. Its inlaid grain size is similar to that of apatite.

Ilmenite is the main titanium-containing mineral. Single mineral analysis, containing TiO ₂ 49.49%, V ₂ O ₅ 0.0065%, Co 0.006%. There are two kinds of mineral forms: one is irregular granular or granular aggregate embedded in gangue minerals, and the particle size is larger than 0.2mm, accounting for more than 90%; the other is grid-like, with smaller particle size.

Sulfur ( cobalt ) The sulphur content of the ore is not high, but the minerals formed are extremely complex. Wherein mainly pyrite, brass ore followed. Cobalt is present in pyrite in the form of isomorphism, accounting for about 30% to 40%.

In 1972, the Beijing Research Institute of Mining and Metallurgy conducted laboratory tests on three types of ore samples (surface samples, tunnel samples, and core samples). The chemical composition of the ore used was (%): P ₂ O ₅ 6.46 to 6.60, TiO ₂ 4.30 to 6.40, TFe 18.16 to 22.45, V ₂ O ₅ 0.14 to 0.21, and Co 0.0073 to 0.0085. Using flotation-magnetic separation-flotation combined process, phosphorus concentrate (grade 35% P ₂ O ₅ , recovery rate 94%) and vanadium iron concentrate (containing Fe60%, V ₂ O ₅ 0.65%~) 0.7%; recovery rates are 50% to 60% and 70% to 80%, respectively, sulphur-cobalt concentrate (including S35%, Co0.25% to 0.3%; recovery rates of 70% and 30%, respectively) and titanium fines Mine (containing TiO ₂ is 45% to 48%, and the recovery is 40% to 50%).

However, in the actual production process of the concentrator, only phosphate concentrate and vanadium iron concentrate are recovered. Its selection process principle process is shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1 Flow chart of the process principle of the concentrator

The production process of the concentrator is: ore or open-pit mining ore (maximum block size: 450mm). The ore is crushed to less than 15mm by two-stage closed-circuit crushing process, and then sent to a ball mill with a double-helix classifier to make a closed circuit. The mine has a graded overflow with a particle size of -0.2 mm and is distributed to two systems for flotation. The flotation process is a rough selection, a sweep and a selection (the original design is four selections). The dosage of the agent is (kg/ton ore): sodium carbonate 2.63, water glass 0.91, oxidized paraffin soap 0.81. The flotation foam product is a phosphate concentrate, which is concentrated, filtered, dried and then shipped. The flotation tailings are de-sludged and magnetically selected to obtain vanadium-iron concentrate, which is concentrated and filtered to leave the factory. The magnetic separation tailings are sent to the tailings dam, and the clarified water is directly discharged.

The main technical and economic indicators of the concentrator, taking the best annual index from 1981 to 1983 as an example, are listed in Table 1.

Table 1 Main technical and economic indicators of the concentrator

Second, the Soviet Union Xibin Phosphate Second Flotation Plant (АНОФ-2)

The Soviet Union is one of the major producers of phosphate rock in the world. Its production centers are the three mining areas of Kola Peninsula, Karachi and Aktyubinsk.

The Xibin Phosphate Mine in the Kola Peninsula in the northwest of the Russian Republic is the largest phosphate mine in the Soviet Union. It is also a world-famous joint mining and selection company for magmatic rock apatite. There are 14 deposits in the region with proven phosphate ore reserves. In 1974, the total ore reserves are 3.146 billion tons, with an average P ₂ O ₅ 16% to 17% and Al ₂ O ₃ 13.5%. The prospective reserves are predicted to be 5.7 billion tons, accounting for 80% to 85% of the total resources of the Soviet phosphate mine.

There are currently four mines being produced in the area: Кукисвумчорр, 克斯кспорр, Apache Апатит, and Pratolas Umjol (Пасторасвумнорр) )plateau. In addition to the first and second flotation plants with an annual output of about 20 million tons of phosphorus concentrates, which were put into operation in the 1930s and 1965, there are also 10 million tons of annual phosphorus concentrates expected to be put into operation in 1987. Three flotation plants. Phosphate concentrate production in the entire Xibin area accounted for more than 80% of the total Soviet production. The grade of phosphate concentrate reaches P ₂ O ₅ 39.4%, which is the highest in the world.

The Xibin Phosphate Mine is a single apatite-neixite deposit. Ore structure types are different, speckled, spotted strips, breccia, flat strips, etc. The apatite-containing ore body is divided into two main ore belts: the upper ore belt accounts for one-third of the ore-bearing layer, containing P ₂ O ₅ 26% to 28%; the lower ore belt accounts for two-thirds of the ore layer, including P ₂ O ₅ 16% to 18%. The ore currently selected contains 40% to 44% of apatite, 35% to 40% of nepheline, 8% to 12% of neonite, 3% to 5% of feldspar, 1.2% to 1.9% of vermiculite, and titanium. Magnetite is 1% to 1.8%, other components are 1% to 2%, and secondary minerals are 2% to 3%. The apatite has better prismatic crystals, and the particles are 0.1 to 1.0 mm (called fine particles) and 2 to 12 mm (called coarse particles), which are smaller than the associated mineral particles and have good friability. The average chemical composition is shown in Table 2.

Table 2 Average chemical composition of ore selected from Xibin Phosphate

Among the phosphate ore in the Hibin area, there is also an ore-like ore that is formed during the weathering of the basic rock and contains a large amount of clay- based slime. This ore accounts for approximately 1.5% to 3% of the total ore's total reserves. In the ore selected by the concentrator, the average content of this ore is approximately 10% of the constituent minerals. When sorting, if the amount of ore is below 12% to 15%, the beneficiation process is smoother; if the amount of ore is increased or there is a compositional incorporation of composite ore, the quality of the phosphate concentrate will be reduced. The second flotation plant of the Xibin Phosphate Mine near Apaziu mainly deals with “mixed ore” containing more clay.

The second phase of the Xibin Phosphate Flotation Plant was put into operation in 1965 and has been expanded several times in the future. The current scale is to treat 23 to 25 million tons of raw ore annually. In 1980, it produced 14.5 million tons of phosphate concentrate. The plant has been using backwater since 1979, and the current reuse of water has reached 100%. Fresh water is only consumed in the compensation production process and the loss of water in the tailings pond, so that the amount of fresh water is reduced from the original 21.4km ³ / hour to 5.64km ³ / hour.

The selected ore of the plant contains 15% to 17% of P ₂ O ₅ , and the proportion of oxidized ore is about 20%, so its process index is lower than that of the first flotation plant. The ore is transported to the plant with a self-unloading dump truck with a carrying capacity of 105 tons along the electric railway, and is sorted according to the process flow shown in Figure 2. The process recovery rate is 91%-92% (commodity recovery rate 89%-90%). The main process equipment used in the concentrator is detailed in Table 3. The number and quality flow of the flotation system, the 27 ^# series of the plant, is shown in Figure 3.

Figure 2 Production process of apatite concentrate in the second flotation plant of Xibin Phosphate Mine

Table 3 Main Equipment Table of Xibin Phosphate Mine Second Flotation Plant

Figure 3 Xibin Phosphate No. 2 Flotation Plant 27 ^#系列数,质量过程

The flotation agent used in the plant is the same as the first flotation plant. Due to the high content of oxidized ore in the ore, the dosage of the agent is slightly higher. See Table 4 for details.

Table 4 Flotation agent dosage

The selected tailings are pumped to the tailings pond in two stages or directly discharged into the tailings dam at Beraya Bay in Immand Lake. The clarified water after the tailings dam is precipitated is supplied to the concentrator according to the circulation system. Part of the water needs to remove sludge and harmful impurities in the water preparation section.

In addition to the main production of apatite concentrates, the plant also recovers nepheline ore. The obtained nepheline concentrate contains 28.5% to 29% of Al ₂ O ₃ , and is a raw material for producing aluminum , sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, glass and various building materials.

The quality index and cost composition of the Xibin Phosphate No. 2 flotation plant are summarized in Tables 5 and 6 according to the relevant data at the end of the 1970s.

Table 5 Quality Index of Xibin Phosphate No. 2 Flotation Plant

Table 6 Cost of each process in the selection of apatite ore in the workshop cost of the second flotation plant in Xibin Phosphate Mine (%)

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