After more than 30 years of development, by the end of 2010, China's nuclear power installed capacity of 10.8 million kilowatts. "Efficient development of nuclear power" is included in the National Twelfth Five-Year Plan, and its premise is "to ensure safety." Nuclear power has become an important weight for national energy structure adjustment.

The 12th Five-Year Plan outlines that by the end of 2015, 40 million kilowatts of nuclear power will be started. In five years, the company has installed 4 times of nuclear power in the past 30 years. The domestic nuclear power industry is entering a period of “leap-forward”.

Nuclear power station sites are penetrating from the coast to the inland. The “Twelfth Five-Year Plan” outlines that “Accelerating the development of nuclear power in coastal provinces and steadily promoting nuclear power construction in the central provinces.”

Twelve Five Nuclear Power Installation 40 Million Kilowatts

The construction of nuclear power during the “Eleventh Five-Year Plan” period can be described as “rapid”.

According to statistics of this reporter, a new unit was started in 2005, two new units were started in 2006, two new units were started in 2007, six units were started in 2008, nine units were started in 2009, and eight units were started in 2010. . At present, there are 13 nuclear power units in operation.

According to estimates from the China National Nuclear Industry Association, it will maintain 8 to 9 units each year in the future, and 10 units may be started in individual years. "The development of the nuclear power industry is already a familiar way."

The "12th Five-Year Plan" for electricity also includes nuclear power in the "Accelerated Development" sequence. According to the plan, the first inland nuclear power project will be started in 2011, and the first inland unit will be put into operation in 2015. By 2015, China's nuclear power capacity will be 42.94 million kilowatts. In 2020, nuclear power will have a planned installed capacity of 90 million kilowatts.

In terms of spatial layout, China will form the "Eastern Central Nuclear Power Belt", that is, accelerate the development of nuclear power in Liaoning, Shandong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan and other coastal provinces; steadily promote Jiangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Anhui, Jilin and other central provinces inland nuclear power projects.

The nuclear power plan that our reporter has mastered shows that inland nuclear power plants are mostly concentrated in the Yangtze River basin.

Wu Zhonghu, a researcher and researcher at the Energy Research Institute of the National Development and Reform Commission, said: “The reason why inland nuclear power plants are chosen along the Yangtze River is that they are rich in water resources in the region. Second, the provinces in the region have been under intense energy for a long time. Third, China’s eastern coastal areas have been built. Nuclear power projects under construction are becoming saturated."

In addition, “Nuclear power generation hours are better than hydropower. The watershed area has a higher enthusiasm for nuclear power. In addition, some provinces with tight energy supply have a strong traditional concept of local balance and are unwilling to accept long-distance transmission,” said Wu Zhonghu.

“The transfer of nuclear power to inland areas must consider the issue of environmental protection. Nuclear reactions generate radioactive waste liquid and cause great damage to the environment. Nuclear power plants are located in the coastal areas, and one is to satisfy them,” said Shengli Sheng, chief engineer of China Nuclear Industry First and Second International Nuclear Engineering Headquarters. The need for cooling water, and the second is to facilitate waste discharge."

“In the large-scale advancement of nuclear power plants, it is necessary to consider the influence of external forces such as earthquakes, wars, and terrorist attacks. The site is selected taking into account the combined factors of geology, weather, hydrology, and traffic,” said Shengli Shengli.

Another impulse of nuclear power construction is that nuclear power can attract high investment. According to the industry budget, the installed investment per million kilowatts of nuclear power is about 12 billion, and the investment of 40 million kilowatts is about 500 billion yuan. The required capital is financed by nuclear power companies and local governments, and the remaining capital is borrowed from banks.

Upstream and downstream of nuclear power

China Academy of Engineering "China's Energy Long-term Development Strategy Study" said that uranium resources do not form a constraint on the development of nuclear power.

An insider of the China National Nuclear Corp told the reporter that in the past, the country’s investment in the exploration and development of uranium resources was low, and the proved reserves of uranium resources were not clear.

In addition, exploration of uranium resources is limited to points, and more than 60% of the land area is not surveyed. In the development of uranium ore, some institutional and policy problems have been encountered, such as the existence of overlapping uranium ore and other minerals in the same block.

"This is an uncertain source of uranium resource supply," said the above sources.

In addition, the scale of nuclear spent fuel treatment and nuclear power development is not compatible, and the nuclear fuel recycling system has not yet been established.

According to public information, China's first power reactor spent fuel reprocessing intermediate pilot plant was put into use at the end of 2010. The spent fuel reprocessing pilot plant started construction in 1992 and was put into use 19 years later, and the production scale has not yet been formed.

The above-mentioned CNPC official said: "After 15 years of construction of a pilot plant, China's nuclear power plants will have installed at least 80 million tons of kilowatts by 2025. The fuel produced has been stored for 15 years. It has exceeded the maximum storage time limit and must be disposed of in a timely manner. Nuclear power technology is complex, with strong radioactivity and large investment. Provincial and municipal governments are not interested."

From this perspective, the upstream and downstream development of the nuclear power industry is not complete. Behind the nuclear investment boom, the promotion of thermal power can not be ignored. Under the contradiction between “market coal” and “planned electricity,” thermal power business is ineffective. Nuclear power has become an important means to adjust the structure of thermal power and improve economic efficiency.

Lu Qizhou, member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and general manager of China Power Investment Corporation, said: "As the thermal power business continues to suffer losses, it can only rely on nuclear power and hydropower to make up for losses."

According to industry insiders, the cost of nuclear power has been able to control about 0.3 yuan per kilowatt-hour, which has certain advantages compared with thermal power. The initial investment in nuclear power is large at one time, but the operating cost is slightly lower than thermal power.

Zhou Dabing, member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and former general manager of China Guodian Corporation, submitted the "Proposal on Promoting Nuclear Power Development Measures" during the "two sessions." He suggested that the state support power companies in the development of nuclear power and "promote the diversification of nuclear power investment entities and professional operations."

Zhou Dabing said: “At present, only CNNC, CGNPC and CPI have the qualifications for holding investment in nuclear power projects; Huaneng, Datang, Huadian, Guodian and other large power groups can only invest in nuclear power projects and develop nuclear power plant sites. Advantageous enterprises develop nuclear power and absorb conditional power groups to participate in the construction of nuclear power operations.

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