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The picture shows the Field Flux robot prototype
In-depth monitoring of the soil This Field Flux robot with three large wheels that won't get stuck in the ground can use a sampler placed on its boom to monitor a small amount of nitrous oxide (N?O) in the soil. , complete the monitoring of environmental pollution.
Although people are more familiar with the effects of carbon dioxide on climate change, in fact, N?O makes the global warming potential 300 times higher than that of carbon dioxide. In other words, the destructive power of one molecule of N?O is comparable to that of 300 molecules of CO?.
Professor Lars Bakken, a microbial ecologist from the University of Norway's School of Life Sciences, said: "The enormous difficulty in quantifying N? O emissions is that the values ​​will change dramatically depending on the time and place." Professor Bakken is currently working with A Norwegian company called Adigo cooperated with the NORA project to try to find a way to monitor N?O emissions from the soil and reduce its emissions.
The professor said: "This is also why we do field robots. If you want to quantify the N?O emissions in a field, you have to measure it on a piece of ground repeatedly."
Using field robots can greatly increase work efficiency. A land that originally required 27 hours of manual inspection can be tested in only 1 hour. This method is very important in controlling N?O because it allows farmers to carry out earth-moving work if necessary. When the soil is not well exposed to air (such as heavy rain or very tight soil), microorganisms (mostly bacteria) in some soils use nitrogen oxides rather than oxides to breathe, resulting in N? O. However, there is a small amount of bacteria that can be resorbed by N?O because they have a special enzyme called N?O reductase. Researchers at the NORA project found that the enzyme would disappear because of the acidity of the soil or the lack of copper in the soil.
Asa Frostegard, another professor at the School of Life at the University of Norway and co-author of the Marie Skóodowska-Curie Actions project, said: “We explored the biological activities of these microorganisms and studied their biochemical processes that produce N?O. The results showed that There is a big difference in how the different microbes work."
These findings may help farmers reduce N?O pollution by changing soil acidity or soil copper ion content. This means that we can use iron-magnesium-rich rocks or minerals in our cultivation to neutralize the acidity of the soil rather than using the traditional lime-spraying method that causes N?O pollution.
Observing the clouds and observing the particles entering the atmosphere (called aerosols) is equally difficult. The ITaRS project led by the Marie Skóodowska-Curie Actions in the European Union led by the University of Cologne, Germany, is using aircraft-mounted remote sensors combined with ground-based measurement technology to monitor when clouds may form precipitation. Maria Barrera, an expert on lidar and microwave radiometers in the ITaRS project, said: “A major uncertainty in the atmospheric model is the way the atmosphere interacts with clouds and aerosols. We don't even know the details of cloud formation.â€
The formation of clouds requires particles, such as dust or water vapor, as condensation nuclei. Improvements in the accuracy of ground-based and aerial monitoring technologies have provided researchers with updated data, allowing them to better understand the atmosphere. For example, what conditions are needed for the formation of a storm? How is it formed? Barrera said: "My measurement method can be applied to the process of data assimilation in the weather forecast. You get the feedback of the atmospheric state. Through the model calculation, you can get the prediction result."
With this technology invented by the ITaRS project, researchers can answer some scientific questions about atmospheric events. For example, under what conditions of humidity, pressure, and condensation, can clouds form rainfall? With the help of passive microwave sensors and radar technology, the answer to this question becomes more scientific.
The data provided by the ITaRS project not only amplifies our understanding of the behavior of the atmosphere, but also helps us to reduce the uncertainty in the climate prediction model, which allows us to better understand the process of climate change.
(Original title: Monitoring atmospheric quantified pollutants, robots are also environmental experts)
[China Instrument Network Instrument R&D] Recently, the University of Norway has taught and developed field robots, coupled with a planar-based remote sensing sensor that can monitor the atmosphere and the atmosphere to monitor the gases that affect climate change.