Platinum group metal comprehensive recycling process

(1) Generally, re-election or flotation, or re-election-flotation combined process is adopted. The oxidized ore is generally subjected to crushing and grinding to obtain a high-grade platinum concentrate by re-election. Oxidized and vulcanized mixed ores are often treated by a re-election-flotation process. The single sulfurized platinum ore is suitable for use in a flotation process.

(2) a platinum group metal is most effective method of extracting platinum group metals are extracted from the sand gravity concentrate is platinum ore mercury amalgamation. In order to promote the amalgamation, zinc flakes can be added, and the amalgamated product can be treated with sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid to obtain a crude platinum product containing nearly 50% of the platinum group metal.

The concentrate of the vein platinum ore needs to be smelted into sorghum, and then the associated copper and nickel are extracted, and the concentrate containing the platinum group metal is refined and separated and purified. The platinum-nickel concentrate containing platinum group metal produced from the copper-nickel sulfide ore has a low content of the platinum group metal, and the copper-nickel concentrate is smelted in an electric furnace and blown by a converter to obtain high platinum. High platinum is selected from copper sulfide and nickel sulfide by grinding and flotation. Platinum group metal enriched in nickel-iron alloys, nickel-iron alloys recovered by magnetic separation, the platinum group metal enriched in nickel-iron alloy remelted, separation and purification.

(3) Separation and Purification of Platinum Group Metals The separation and purification process of platinum group metals varies depending on the composition and content of the raw materials. When the alloy obtained by magnetic separation of high ice nickel is cast into anodic electrolysis, the platinum metal is introduced into the anode mud, and the anode mud is acid-treated to obtain the platinum group.

The platinum group metal concentrate obtained by various sorting processes and the anode mud obtained by electrolytic refining of nickel, copper and the like are dissolved in aqua regia, and palladium , platinum and gold are all introduced into the solution. Treatment with hydrochloric acid to destroy the nitrosonium compound (catch the nitrate), and then add ferrous sulfate to precipitate the gold. Ammonium chloride is added, platinum is precipitated as ammonium chloroplatinate (NH4)2PtCl6, and calcined chloroplatinic acid ammonium can obtain sponge platinum containing more than 99.5% of platinum. After separating the platinum filtrate, adding an excessive amount of ammonium hydroxide and then acidifying with hydrochloric acid, precipitating dichlorodiamino complex to palladium in the form of Pd(NH3)2Cl2, and then calcining in hydrogen to obtain a purity of 99.7% or more. Sponge palladium.

Following the above insolubles after treatment with sodium carbonate Wang, borax, PbO litharge and coke eutectic, Degui lead. By cupellation remove most of lead, then silver nitrate was dissolved and the remaining lead, rhodium, iridium, ruthenium, osmium enriched in the residue. The residue is melted with sodium hydrogen sulfate, converted into a soluble sulfate salt, leached with water, precipitated with cesium hydroxide by adding sodium hydroxide, and dissolved with hydrochloric acid to obtain chlorodecanoic acid. After the solution was purified, ammonium chloride was added and concentrated to crystallize ammonium chloroformate (NH4)3RhCl6. Calcination in hydrogen gives a sponge.

When sodium hydrogen sulfate is melted, lanthanum, cerium and lanthanum do not react, remain in the water leaching residue, melt the residue together with sodium peroxide and caustic soda, and leaching with water; pass chlorine gas to the leaching solution and distill it, and use lye Absorbed sodium citrate. When ammonium chloride is added to the absorbing liquid, the cerium is precipitated as an ammonium salt, and satin-fired in hydrogen to obtain cerium powder. The ammonium salt of the nail is obtained by adding ammonium chloride to the residual liquid of the steamed mash, and then calcined in hydrogen to obtain bismuth powder.

The residue after leaching ruthenium and ruthenium is mainly ruthenium oxide IrO2, dissolved in aqua regia, and ammonium chloride ammonium chloride (NH4) 2lrCl6 is precipitated by adding ammonium chloride, and refined by calcination in hydrogen to obtain bismuth powder.

The metal ingot can be obtained by powder metallurgy method or by high-frequency induction furnace melting.

In recent years, separation and purification of the platinum group metal with a solvent extraction process has been applied, with a common extractant tributyl phosphate (TBP), trialkyl phosphine oxide (in TRPO), dibutyl carbitol (the DBC), Alkyl sulfoxide and the like.

The high-purity platinum group metal is prepared, and after the metal is generally dissolved, it is repeatedly purified. The purification method includes carrier oxidative hydrolysis, ion exchange, solvent extraction and repeated precipitation, etc., and then precipitates with iron salt, and the corresponding high-purity metal can be obtained by calcination.

(4) Comprehensive utilization examples of platinum group metal mineral resources

The lower part is altered pure oleaginous rock, serpentine rock and hard sedimentary rock layer with a thickness of 0.6-1.8m. Mining with the Yuba sand mining vessel, the excavation depth can reach 15 below the water surface. The sand mining vessel has 94 digging buckets, each with a capacity of 225 L, running at 31 hoppers per minute. About 106m3 of ore is mined every year (May-November), and 466kg of crude platinum can be produced.

The rough selection is done on the sand mining vessel. The material is dumped by the excavator bucket to the main funnel, and the diameter of the rotating cylinder washing sieve with a diameter of 2.3m and a length of 11m is 9.5-16mm. +10mm material is discarded as tailings. The material under the sieve is given to the double-layer chute (1.06mx 6.3m). The chute tailings are entered into 6 jigs (double chamber 1.06mx 1.06 m) and re-elected. Discard, chute and jigging coarse concentrates are sent to the shore for selection. Sand mining ship output crude concentrate containing a crude platinum, gold, and part of a considerable number of magnetite, iron chromium, titanium, iron and the like. The ship's coarse concentrate is first selected by four 2.4 m Wilfley shakers. The shaker concentrate is magnetically selected to remove magnetic minerals. The non-magnetic products are then subjected to wind beneficiation to remove gangue minerals with low density. , to obtain the final platinum concentrate. The platinum concentrate contains 90% of the platinum group metal, and the content of lanthanum fluctuates within the range of 4% to 33%. The platinum concentrate was sent to John-Son Mattey for processing.

2) Beneficiation of vein platinum ore. The vein platinum mine of the Rusrenburg Platinum Company in South Africa is treated by a combined process of re-election and flotation. The vein platinum ore has two ores of oxidized ore and sulfide ore. The oxidized ore contains 7-15 g/t of platinum group metals, and the recovery rate is between 65% and 85%. The recovery rate of platinum group metals recovered from sulfide ore is 87%. The process of beneficiation of vein platinum ore: the original ore is directly given to a single-slot flotation machine after a period of grinding. The purpose of this measure is to recover the coarse-grained sulfide which is easy to dissociate as soon as possible in the grinding circuit, and the single-slot flotation operation The coarse concentrate is selected by a shaker to obtain a high grade concentrate. The cyclone overflow of the second-stage grinding (-0.075 mm accounted for 30%-60%) enters the flotation process, and the flotation process structure is a rough selection, a secondary sweep, and a medium mine re-election. Flotation agents: copper sulfate, xanthate, cresylic acid, hydroxymethylcellulose, and the like.

Technical indicators: flotation concentrate yield 4% - 5%, platinum group metal grade 66 g / t, recovery rate 82% -87%.

The flotation copper-nickel blend concentrate was dried in a Biittner heating oven to reduce moisture from 21% to 7%. The dried concentrate is ground into a powder without adding a binder, and is placed in a granulation disc having a diameter of 3 m to produce a pellet having a diameter of mm and a water content of 10%, and then dried to a moisture content of less than 2% in a rotary dryer. The pelletizing ore is smelted with a 18.5 MW electric furnace. The charge consists of 76% pellets, 22% lime and 2% recycled material. The electric furnace treats 12 500 tons of concentrate per month. The slag is continuously mashed and ground to 60%-0.075mm in a loop composed of a ball mill and a cyclone to capture and recover valuable metals. The bismuth (copper copper) produced by the electric furnace is blown into a 3mX6m Pierce-Smith converter. The sorghum is slowly cooled, ground, and magnetically selected to obtain a magnetic copper-nickel alloy, which is then subjected to pressurized acid leaching. A product of 60% platinum group metal (including gold).

3) Recovery of platinum group metals in copper-nickel sulfide ore. Jinchuan Nonferrous Metals Co., Ltd. has two nickel ore dressing plants. The first plant was put into operation in 1965. The current production scale is 1600t/d, which is used to treat the ore-rich ore. The second plant was put into operation in 1967 with a production scale of 6000 t/d. In the mining area, the poor ore in 1983, the ore-bearing body of the second mining area was mined. After the second plant was rebuilt and expanded, the ore-bearing ore in the second mining area was treated. The current production scale is 9000 t/d. In addition, there is a high-grade grinding flotation plant with a production capacity of 210t/d in the smelting plant area.

The Jinchuan Nickel Mine belongs to the magma-dissolved deposit and has four mining areas. Among them, the metal reserves of the second mining area accounted for 76% of the total mining area, and the first mining area accounted for 16% of the total reserves. The beneficiation process of the first and second ore dressing plants is a single flotation process. Through beneficiation, the platinum group metal is enriched in the copper-nickel mixed concentrate. The copper-nickel mixed concentrate is smelted to obtain high-ice nickel. Most of the platinum group metals and gold and silver contained in the high-ice nickel are present in the alloy, and then a single platinum group metal is further separated from the alloy.

4) Recovery of platinum group metals from the leach residue. Nickel-containing pyrrhotite concentrate produced in the study of the new process of Jinchuan copper-nickel ore dressing. After extracting nickel, copper and magnesium by oxygen pressure leaching, the leaching residue contains platinum group metals and gold, silver and a small amount of residual nickel and copper. It is feasible to recover these rare metals by flotation. The expansion of the new process of the metallurgical process has achieved good results. Rare metals, sulfides, elemental sulfur and iron have been comprehensively recovered.

1 The nature of the leaching residue. The leaching material is a nickel-containing copper pyrrhotite concentrate having a particle size of 82.3%-0.053 mm. During the leaching process, precious metals and a small amount of copper and nickel are present as fine-grained precipitates (secondary state) and leached residual sulfides (primary state) are present in a large amount of iron oxide. The nature of the slag is complex due to the physicochemical process of oxygen leaching in acid and surfactant solutions. The main components of the leaching slag are iron oxides, undecomposed metal sulfides, elemental sulfur, silica, and a small amount of sulfate.

2 beneficiation process. The original slag is washed with warm water to remove soluble salts and sulfates to reduce the interference to the flotation process and the consumption of the chemicals; to change the surface properties of the contaminated sulfide during the oxygen pressure leaching process, a suitable adjusting agent is added to improve the planktonic activity; Adding a dispersing agent to disperse the fine mud, and then flocculating the iron oxide with a large amount of iron oxide flocculating agent to purify the slurry to facilitate the interaction between the flotation agent and the platinum group metal, precious metal and sulfide.

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