What are the ways to tunnel the patio? What are the characteristics of various methods?

The tunnel excavation method adopts the ordinary excavation method, the hanging tank excavation method and the climbing tank excavation method. A few mines also use the full section of the patio to drill several deep holes that penetrate the full height of the patio, and then gradually blast into wells from the bottom up.

First, the ordinary tunneling method: its tunneling method is to build a ladder and work platform from the bottom up, as shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the general tunneling method

1--distribution grid; 2-ladder grid; 3-lift grid; 4-fall mine grid; 5-slipper; 6-mine truck

The workbench is placed 1.5 to 2 m away from the working surface, and the rock is drilled on the workbench. With the upward excavation, as the ladder is installed, the bracket is erected and the workbench is moved up. The upper eye is drilled with a YS-45 type telescopic rock drill , and each blasthole requires a set of drills for drilling. Use electric detonator detonation method or electric resistance ignition lead line detonation method. Before the blasting, a sloping drop station must be installed at the top of the ladder and the hoistway to prevent the ladder from being damaged, and the falling rock can be slid into the mine room by its own weight. The patio is excavated by means of upward excavation, so ventilation is difficult and ventilation time is required. Therefore, mechanical ventilation is required.

There are many disadvantages in the common method of tunneling, the work bench is high in labor intensity, the tunneling speed is slow, the efficiency is low, the ventilation time is long, the material consumption is also high, the cost is high, and the operation is not safe. This method is also used in unsteady rock or short patio digging, and has been replaced by the hanging tank method under other conditions.

Second, the cans tunneling method

The method of jacking is to drill a hole with a diameter of 100-150mm along the center line at the full height of the patio. A swimming winch is installed horizontally on the upper part of the patio, and the wire can be lifted along the patio through the central drilling wire rope. as shown in picture 2.

Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the hanging tank method

1- swimming winch; 2-folding hanging tank; 3-loading machine; 4-mine truck

Personnel can stand on the hanging tank for rock drilling and charging. When blasting, place the cans down to the lower level, 4 to 5 m from the patio.

The hanging tank method has the following characteristics:

(1) Due to the presence of the central hole, the ventilation conditions are improved and the ventilation time is shortened;

(2) The blasted ore falls from the bottom of the lower horizontal roadway and is loaded into the mine car by the rock loader;

(3) There is no ladder or workbench, and the work is simple.

Third, the climbing tank method

When the upper level has not been digged, or the inclination of the patio has changed, the canister cannot be used and the climbing tank should be used. Climbing tanks are divided into pneumatic, electric and hydraulic. Its working diagram is shown in Figure 3.

Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the climbing tank

In the figure (a), the worker climbs up to the work surface by climbing the tank and performs rock drilling on the steel plate. (b) After the worker has drilled, charged, and connected, the climbing tank is lowered from the working surface to the roadway, and placed in a safe position to be blasted, then ventilated, and the wind water mixture is sprayed from the wind pipe behind the guide rail to clean the working surface. (c) It is the worker who operates the driving device in the climbing tank, rises to the working surface, and after the pumice stone , carries out the next working cycle.

This method can be used to dig vertical and inclined patios.

Fourth, deep hole method

It is characterized by drilling a number of blastholes running through the full height in the full section of the patio, and successively blasting from bottom to top. As shown in Figure 4.

Figure 4 Schematic diagram of deep tunnel blasting

Rock drilling generally uses YQ-100, the number of blastholes is drilled according to the needs, and the general hole spacing is about 0.3-0.6m.

The deep hole method simplifies the production process, is safe and reliable, has high work efficiency, fast well formation, low labor intensity, only requires high rock drilling technology, and the consumption of explosives is also large.

Now it has been tested that the pit boring machine has once completed the well, completely eliminating the rock blasting process, so that the rock breaking and rock loading operations are parallel, and the mechanization, safety, labor conditions are good, the tunneling speed is fast, the labor is saved, and the management is convenient. The perimeter wall is smooth and easy to maintain, and this method is promising.

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