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Maybe you have seen a car that looks like a dolphin. It slips quietly around you, barely hearing the noise of the engine. And when you sit in, you will be more at a loss. A small color display on the upper part of the center console plays the hybrid drive in real time on this screen. At this time, you can really feel that this is really not a car that only drinks gasoline in the traditional sense. This is the hybrid car Prius from Toyota.
As the world's first hybrid car that truly realizes the separation of oil and electricity, the appearance of the Prius proves the possibility of the "dual-core" principle in the automotive industry. Among the many new energy vehicle solutions, the most practical and commercially viable models are hybrid vehicles.
The key to hybrid vehicles is the hybrid system. After more than ten years of development, the hybrid system assembly has evolved from the original engine and motor discrete structure to the integrated structure of the engine motor and gearbox, namely the integrated hybrid powertrain system.
Toyota's Prius is a motor-based form. Its hybrid powertrain includes two power sources, an engine and an electric motor. There is also a hybrid-specific transmission including a generator, an electric motor, a built-in power splitter, a nickel-hydrogen battery pack, and a power control assembly. When starting and driving below medium speed, the engine is inefficient, so the engine is turned off and the vehicle is driven only by the electric motor. During normal driving, the engine is the main power source. The power separation device divides the power into two paths. One drives the generator to generate electricity, the generated electric motor drives the motor, and the other directly drives the wheels. The system automatically powers the two paths. Make the best allocation to maximize efficiency. When accelerating, the battery pack is added to power the motor, increasing the motor's output power. When decelerating or braking, the motor is driven by the inertial force of the wheel. At this time, the electric motor becomes a generator, and the braking energy of the vehicle is converted into electric energy. The battery pack is kept at a constant level. When the system finds that the battery pack is depleted, it will start the engine-driven generator to generate electricity and charge the battery pack. According to factory data, the fuel consumption per 100 kilometers of the Prius is only 4.7L.
The Honda Accord Hybrid is another representative of the technology trend. Its hybrid unit consists of a V-shaped 6-cylinder 3.0-liter engine and a 12V-144V motor. The main function of the motor is to assist in acceleration and to save fuel during cruising. This device is closer to the traditional car drive system, and the mechanical efficiency loss is similar to that of a normal car.
According to some data, after using gasoline hybrid technology, the fuel consumption of automobiles can be reduced by 50%. Since the hybrid car has two power sources, the displacement of the gasoline engine can be reduced by 1/3. With the help of a 1 liter gasoline engine and an electric motor, the car can obtain the power of a 1.5-liter pure gasoline engine. The Insight gasoline hybrid car developed by Honda Japan has reached 2.8 liters of fuel per 100 kilometers, which is equivalent to the German Volkswagen Lup o diesel. The fuel consumption is reduced by more than 30% and can meet the requirements of “ultra-low emissionâ€. In addition, gasoline hybrid technology has the most significant benefits in terms of emissions. Since the engine is always operating at a steady state with minimum fuel consumption, the gasoline engine emits a small amount of pollutants.
In this regard, the European and American old car companies that have always focused on the development of cutting-edge automotive technology are not very interested. They believe that hybrid power is still based on oil and does not solve the energy crisis. Even so, there are still data showing that as of the end of 2005, the Prius has accumulated more than 450,000 vehicles. According to a survey by a market research company, if global oil prices continue to be high, 5%-6% of the cars sold in the US market in 2010 will be hybrid vehicles. The famous car consultancy JP Power pointed out that by 2011 there will be at least 35 hybrid models available for consumers to choose.
At present, major domestic auto companies have entered the hybrid field. FAW's red flag HQ3 is about to go into production; the Prius produced by FAW Toyota has already been listed; the hybrid bus developed by Dongfeng Group has passed the acceptance; the hybrid vehicle CV9 developed by Changan Automobile will be launched at the end of the year; Geely Group completed the hybrid car business within 3 years. Production process, etc.